{"id":107387,"date":"2023-07-30T18:32:08","date_gmt":"2023-07-30T18:32:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wp.dash.org\/?p=107387"},"modified":"2023-08-11T04:17:32","modified_gmt":"2023-08-11T04:17:32","slug":"what-is-grovedb","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wp.dash.org\/blog\/what-is-grovedb\/","title":{"rendered":"What is GroveDB?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">GroveDB is the first production-level implementation of a key-value hierarchical authenticated data structure (HADS) designed to supplement the RocksDB database of Dash Platform. Dash Core Group (DCG) created GroveDB since no existing solution provided the desired functionality for the Dash Platform. Overall, GroveDB provides three critical capabilities:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Comprehensive <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">querying abilities.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Trustless<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">queries so users know their data is accurate via cryptographic proofs.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Efficient<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> proofs in terms of both size and time.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Why Was GroveDB Needed?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dash Platform is on the brink of release and will be Dash\u2019s gateway into Web3. However, why should decentralization remain localized to the platform itself and not the overall experience? Consider this: when a user queries a database, they are essentially asking the host servers to:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Look into their stored database.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Return the piece of information that was requested.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The obvious problem is that you must trust the host to send you back the correct information and act ethically with your data. This is especially relevant for distributed systems like blockchains, where anyone can anonymously host the database.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A solid solution here is to use cryptographic proofs. The data receiver can verify cryptographic proofs sent by the host to ensure the validity of the data. Without cryptographic proof, the receiver can never be assured of the quality and validity of the data received.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While there are databases that utilize cryptographic proofs, they are inefficient. GroveDB stands out from the competition because of the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Complex query proofs<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Immutable and mutable storage<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Non-inclusion and inclusion proofs<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ACID compliance:<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>GroveDB Tree Architecture<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1999\" height=\"691\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-107388\" src=\"https:\/\/media.dash.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/image1-1-1.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/media.dash.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/image1-1-1.png 1999w, https:\/\/media.dash.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/image1-1-1-300x104.png 300w, https:\/\/media.dash.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/image1-1-1-1024x354.png 1024w, https:\/\/media.dash.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/image1-1-1-768x265.png 768w, https:\/\/media.dash.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/image1-1-1-1536x531.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1999px) 100vw, 1999px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Grove (noun): A small group of trees<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Unlike a traditional tree architecture, GroveDB uses a hierarchical, authenticated data structure based on Database Outsourcing with Hierarchical Authenticated Data Structures (HADS). The overall graph takes a form where the root hashes of lower-level trees are stored in nodes of higher-level trees, and the root hash of the root tree can be used to prove the state of the entire database. In layman\u2019s terms, instead of using a simple Merkle tree, GroveDB takes on the form of a group (or a grove) of Merkle trees. In the current GroveDB implementation, the top-level \u201cRoot tree\u201d has 5 subtrees \u2013 identities, contract documents, public key hashes to identities, spent asset lock transactions, and pools.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Secondary Indexes For Complex Queries<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Before we get into secondary indexes, let&#8217;s understand how unique identifiers work in traditional databases. All documents or records that are stored in databases require a unique value or &#8220;identifier&#8221; to differentiate them from others. The unique identifier can be a column or field in your database \u2013 think of serial numbers in a list.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, what if the records must be queried based on some other index, as is often true in the real world? Applications often need to query their data based on secondary fields like name, date, city, etc. Databases with secondary indexes allow users to perform complex querying operations using different data fields.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Databases that provide cryptographic proofs often struggle with handling secondary indexes due to the degree of complexity involved. With GroveDB, the engineers at Dash Core Group have achieved a crucial breakthrough with secondary index management. If you want to know more about how secondary indexing works in GroveDB, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dash.org\/blog\/grovedb-secondary-indexes\/\"><b>read this<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"h.849se7en1ojc\" class=\"c0\"><span class=\"c7\">GroveDB Utility<\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"c2 c5\"><span class=\"c4\">GroveDB provides cryptographic proofs, which ensures the accuracy of the data retrieved. This functionality is invaluable when dealing with sensitive data. As such, GroveDB sees immense utility in industries where trustlessness is crucial.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"c2 c5\"><span class=\"c4\">As mentioned, enhanced security and advanced query capabilities will give developers a significant advantage when they deploy their dApps on Dash Platform. However, it is not necessary to deploy your applications on Dash Platform to leverage the functionality of GroveDB.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"c2 c5\">GroveDB has been designed to be a standalone product that can be integrated with any system using RocksDB. An example of integration using Rust can be seen in\u00a0<span class=\"c8\"><a class=\"c13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/github.com\/dashpay\/rs-platform&amp;sa=D&amp;source=editors&amp;ust=1690742994512285&amp;usg=AOvVaw1JdLTA8zrl_5g1aHrSgyIm\">rs-drive<\/a><\/span>. GroveDB also has bindings for\u00a0<span class=\"c8\"><a class=\"c13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/github.com\/dashpay\/grovedb\/tree\/master\/node-grove&amp;sa=D&amp;source=editors&amp;ust=1690742994512496&amp;usg=AOvVaw2zpJtVjPOv09xpk8CjicTK\">Node.js<\/a><\/span>\u00a0to support JavaScript developers<span class=\"c4\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"h.26nthl8sg956\" class=\"c0\"><span class=\"c7\">How Do I Get Started With GroveDB?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"c2 c5\">Here, we will give you a brief overview of how you can start working with GroveDB. You will find a\u00a0<span class=\"c8\"><a class=\"c13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.grovedb.org\/tutorials.html&amp;sa=D&amp;source=editors&amp;ust=1690742994512950&amp;usg=AOvVaw2M6SU1BPMQihc09yhXdfQx\">detailed tutorial here<\/a><\/span><span class=\"c4\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"c2 c5\">The first thing you need to do is clone the\u00a0<span class=\"c8\"><a class=\"c13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/github.com\/dashpay\/grovedb.git&amp;sa=D&amp;source=editors&amp;ust=1690742994513258&amp;usg=AOvVaw0WB85Z2qSufqDZXuairjYX\">GroveDB repository<\/a><\/span><span class=\"c4\">. Now, let\u2019s run our tutorials. First up, you will need to build the tutorial code:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><code><span style=\"color: #ff9900;\">cd<\/span> grovedb\/tutorials<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ff9900;\">cargo build<\/span><\/code><\/p>\n<p class=\"c2 c5\"><span class=\"c4\">Execute the tutorials using this:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><code>cargo <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\">run<\/span> <span style=\"color: #808080;\">--bin \u276etutorial name\u276f<\/span><\/code><\/p>\n<p class=\"c2 c5\">The\u00a0<span class=\"c17\">&lt;tutorial name&gt;\u00a0<\/span>will have the<span class=\"c4\">\u00a0tutorials that you can run:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"c9 lst-kix_y7xpxegp6qh5-0 start\">\n<li class=\"c2 c6 c5 li-bullet-0\"><span class=\"c4\">open<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"c2 c6 c5 li-bullet-0\"><span class=\"c4\">insert<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"c2 c6 c5 li-bullet-0\"><span class=\"c4\">delete<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"c2 c6 c5 li-bullet-0\"><span class=\"c4\">query-simple<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"c2 c6 c5 li-bullet-0\"><span class=\"c4\">query-complex<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"c2 c6 c5 li-bullet-0\"><span class=\"c4\">proofs<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"c2 c5\"><span class=\"c12 c14\">Tutorial #1: open<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"c9 lst-kix_8dxfjqi1j87h-0 start\">\n<li class=\"c2 c6 c5 li-bullet-0\"><span class=\"c4\">The open() function opens an existing instance of GroveDB at the given path<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"c2 c6 c5 li-bullet-0\"><span class=\"c19\">If no existing file exists, a new one will be created with an empty root tree.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"c2 c5\"><span class=\"c14 c12\">Tutorial #2: insert<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"c9 lst-kix_v4p0vcjjf9yk-0 start\">\n<li class=\"c2 c6 c5 li-bullet-0\"><span class=\"c4\">The insert() function allows GroveDB to insert items into storage.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"c2 c6 c5 li-bullet-0\"><span class=\"c4\">By default, inserting overwrites values unless the value is a tree.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"c2 c5\"><span class=\"c14 c12\">Tutorial #3: delete<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"c9 lst-kix_ux5td4konmnr-0 start\">\n<li class=\"c2 c6 c5 li-bullet-0\"><span class=\"c4\">The delete() function deletes key-values from storage.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"c2 c5\"><span class=\"c14 c12\">Tutorial #4: Queries (query-simple and query-complex)<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"c9 lst-kix_fsxjo5pay4jj-0 start\">\n<li class=\"c2 c6 c5 li-bullet-0\"><span class=\"c4\">The query() function allows GroveDB to perform queries on storage.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"c2 c6 c5 li-bullet-0\"><span class=\"c4\">Query functions can either be simple or complex.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"c2 c6 c5 li-bullet-0\"><span class=\"c4\">When you execute a simple query, GroveDB retrieves the subset of the requested item and prints the result in the terminal.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"c2 c6 c5 li-bullet-0\"><span class=\"c4\">A complex query allows you to send two subqueries along with the main query. No more than 10 items may be displayed in the result.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"c2 c5\"><span class=\"c12\">Tutorial #5: proofs<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"c9 lst-kix_o7ed5q461oqi-0 start\">\n<li class=\"c2 c6 c5 li-bullet-0\"><span class=\"c4\">The prove_query() function generates query proofs by taking a path query as an argument.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"c2 c6 c5 li-bullet-0\"><span class=\"c4\">The verify_query() function to verifies query proofs. By taking a path query and proof.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"h.z95l59hz1azq\" class=\"c0\"><span class=\"c7\">Are You Ready To Use GroveDB?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"c2 c5\"><span class=\"c19\">As a developer, it is clear to see the advantages of using a database like GroveDB. Currently, it is the only efficient implementation of a cryptographic proof-based database that supports complex queries. We recommend that you go through our\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"c8\"><a class=\"c13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.grovedb.org\/tutorials.html&amp;sa=D&amp;source=editors&amp;ust=1690742994517446&amp;usg=AOvVaw3OoJL-DngKOsvtgaoAaO2e\">GroveDB tutorials<\/a><\/span><span class=\"c19\">\u00a0to get up to speed on the basics<\/span><span class=\"c19\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"c2 c5\">When you&#8217;re ready to start building, head to the <a href=\"https:\/\/crates.io\/crates\/grovedb\">crate<\/a> homepage for instructions on adding GroveDB to your project and links to the docs.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"GroveDB is the first production-level implementation of a key-value hierarchical authenticated data structure (HADS) designed to supplement the RocksDB database of Dash Platform. Dash Core Group (DCG) created GroveDB since no existing solution provided the desired functionality for the Dash Platform. Overall, GroveDB provides three critical capabilities: Comprehensive querying abilities. Trustless queries so users know&#8230;","protected":false},"author":70,"featured_media":107431,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[290],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-107387","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What is GroveDB? - Dash<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/wp.dash.org\/blog\/what-is-grovedb\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What is GroveDB? - Dash\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"GroveDB is the first production-level implementation of a key-value hierarchical authenticated data structure (HADS) designed to supplement the RocksDB database of Dash Platform. 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Dash Core Group (DCG) created GroveDB since no existing solution provided the desired functionality for the Dash Platform. Overall, GroveDB provides three critical capabilities: Comprehensive querying abilities. 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